The 2012 end-date is based on the "end-point" or the date of 13.0.0.0.0 in the Maya Long Count Calendar. This is a completely different calendar from the 52-year Calendar Round, and there was a lot of variation across the lands inhabited by the Maya and Aztecs as to when the Calendar Round re-started. John Major Jenkins gives several of the variations in his book ‘Tzolkin’. There is only one known variation that re-starts in 2012, and that is the ‘Tikal’ version, which re-starts not in December 2012, but on April 2nd 2012.
2012末日預言是基於“完結點”也就是瑪雅長曆中13000年的結束日期。這跟52年為周期的短歷大不相同。至於日曆迴圈何時重新開始，瑪雅人和阿茲特克人的居住地中有各種不同的說法。著名的獨立研究人約翰•梅傑•詹金斯在著作“卓爾金曆日”中給了好幾種說法。世人只知道的版本是曆法在2012年重新開始，也就是“蒂卡爾”日曆。它不是在2012年12月21日重新開始，而是在2012年4月2日開始。
Aztec called the PleiadesTianquiztli, which means the “gathering place,” and was considered an important sign of the continuation of life: on midnight every 52 years it appeared directly overhead and assured the ancient Americans that the world would not come to an end. The Aztecs perform a special religious ceremony called the Dance of the New Fire (or Ceremony of the New Fire) once every 52 years to ensure the movement of the cosmos and the rebirth of the sun. This 52 year time period also corresponds to the 260-day religious calendar (Tonalpohualli in Aztec, or Tolkin in Mayan) when it interlocks with the 365-day civil calendar (Xiupohualli in Aztec or Haab in Mayan). Every 52 Haab solar years (73 Tolkin years) these calendars coincide. This was sometimes called by the Aztecs the Calendar Round. The 52 year cycle was said to begin when the Pleiades crossed the fifth cardinal point or the zenith of heaven at midnight. Sometimes not only is the Pleiades in its zenith over Mesoamerica, but this alignment also comes into a full conjunction with the sun (as we will see again in the 21st Century). In addition, two 52 year cycles (104 years) coordinate with a further alignment with Venus (symbolic of the female creative form on a local scale).
阿茲特克人稱昴宿星團為“Tianquiztli”，意思是“聚集的地方”。他們認為那裡是生命延續的一個重要指標。每隔52年的子夜時分，它就會直接出現在頭頂上方，讓古印第安人確信世界不會終結。阿茲特克人會每隔52年舉辦一個特殊的宗教儀式，名叫“新火之舞”(或者“新火儀式”)，好確保太陽重生以及宇宙運行。當為期52年的循環與365天的陽曆(阿茲特克人稱為“修朴華力歷”)連動的時候，它也會與260天的宗教歷(阿茲特克人稱為“托納爾波瓦利歷”，而瑪雅人稱為“托爾金歷”)相對應。每52哈布陽曆(73托爾金歷年)這些曆法的日期會重疊。阿茲特克人有時候稱這種情況為陽曆迴圈。一般認為52年迴圈周期開始於昴宿星團穿過第5個方位基點或是午夜天空的至高點。有時候不僅是中美洲上空的昴宿星團在最高點，而且這種對齊也會跟太陽出現全合相(正如我們將在21世紀再看到的那樣)。另外，兩次52年周期(104年)會連動到之後的金星星相(象徵地球女性的創造力量)。
原文:
翻譯：Patrick Shih
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